1. There are not many published references for normal ranges by breed. So, to give a somewhat-helpful visual guide, we include a histogram of values from over 14,000 dogs of mixed breed. This is our own data, not published in any veterinary journal. The histogram is colored so that the central 70% of dogs fall in the green zone, and we show the “15% small” and the “15% large” colored in red. Where the measurement falls on this histogram is not in itself diagnostic, but may be used as a warning sign or as back-up data to your diagnosis based on other data.

  2. We compute a “patient rotation” measure. If this value is greater than 5% you may consider re-taking the radiograph.

  3. The measurement may be of most use in a “trend analysis” of the same dog over time.

  4. The reference link to literature given is a reference for poodles.